Clínica diferencial en niños infectados por SARS-CoV-2, trazabilidad de contactos y rentabilidad de pruebas diagnósticas: estudio observacional transversal
- Antia Fiel-Ozores
- María Luisa González-Durán
- Reyes Novoa-Carballal
- María del Mar Portugués-de la Red
- Isabel Fernández-Pinilla
- Jorge Julio Cabrera-Alvargonzález
- Cristina Martínez-Reglero
- Sonia Rey-Cao
- Ana Concheiro-Guisán
ISSN: 1695-4033, 1696-4608
Year of publication: 2021
Volume: 94
Issue: 5
Pages: 318-326
Type: Article
More publications in: Anales de Pediatría: Publicación Oficial de la Asociación Española de Pediatría ( AEP )
Abstract
Introduction Given the possible coexistence of infection by the SARS-CoV-2 with other seasonal infections, the aim is to identify differential symptoms. There has been studied the role of children in intrafamily contagion and the sensitivity of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in an area with low community transmission. Material and methods Cross-sectional observational study. Patients between 0-15 years studied by RT-PCR technique due to clinical suspicion of infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus in the months of March-May 2020. Survey on symptoms and contacts. Determination of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at least 21 days after the RT-PCR test. Results 126 patients were included, 33 with confirmed infection and mean age 8.4 years (95% CI 6.8-10,5), age higher than not infected. Fever was the most common symptom and with greater sensitivity. The differences found were a greater frequency of anosmia (P=0.029) and headache (P=.009) among children infected with a specificity of 96.7% and 81.5% respectively. There were no differences in the duration of the symptoms. 81.8% of those infected were probably infected in the family nucleus, 85.2% by a parent who worked outside the home. The sensitivity of RT-PCR was 70.9% and its negative predictive value 91.1%. Conclusions The clinical picture is nonspecific and the more specific symptoms difficult to detect in younger children. Children had a reduced role in the intrafamily transmission. The sensitivity of RT-PCR could be related to a less contagiousness in children after one week of infection.