La gestión del capital intelectual como enfoque de valoración financiera dinámica en la banca privada de Ecuador

Abstract

This research evaluates the intellectual capital (IC) of banks and explores its impact, along with its components, on the financial performance of private banks in Ecuador. The study employs a sample of 15 banks and a panel dataset spanning from 2003 to 2021. The MVAIC model is utilized to measure intellectual capital. Multiple regressions were conducted to scrutinize the relationship between IC, its components, and bank profitability. Empirical results reveal that the average M-VAIC score was 2.378. Additionally, it is observed that 8 out of 15 banks exceed the sector average. Regression analyses indicate a positive correlation between IC and the banks' Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). Regarding components, physical capital emerges as the primary driver of bank profitability in Ecuador, followed by human capital, while structural capital exerts a comparatively lower influence. Relational capital demonstrated a negative impact. This study enables Ecuadorian private banks to measure the efficiency of intellectual capital and develop strategies prioritizing investments in IC and its components, ensuring competitive advantage and financial performance.