Eurasianismo y nacionalismo ruso imperialista en Aleksandr Dugin
-
1
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
info
ISSN: 2531-0062
Datum der Publikation: 2023
Nummer: 7
Seiten: 5-32
Art: Artikel
Andere Publikationen in: Política y gobernanza
Zusammenfassung
This article analyzes the main components of the Russian thinker Aleksndr Dugin (1962)’ political theory, very influential in Kremlin circles and in Putin’s own positions. In his prolific work, a traditionalist vision, indebted to Evola and Guénon, is articulated with elements of the German Conservative Revolution and the Russian Eurasianist tradition of Gumilev and others, to which is added an Orthodox Christian fideist element of the Old Believers. They are analyzed in this order: 1) the traditionalist keys to his thought; 2) the National Socialist elements and the debts to Carl Schmitt and Martin Heidegger; 3) his reworking of classical Pan-Slavism and Eurasianism; and 4) an omnipresent militarist component that will become more acute due to the invasion of Crimea in 2014. The articulating principle of this motley set of elements of a white-red-pardist Russian synthesis, which does not hesitate to instrumentalize arguments and concepts of postmodernism, it is constituted by a Great Russian imperialist nationalism of primordialist nature. The latter promotes a totalitarian and undemocratic system within Russia through unconditional adherence to the “New Tsar”, while at the same time designating, with the help of the friend/enemy logic, its ethnic groups of exclusion (USA, EU), as well as annexation (Ukraine).
Bibliographische Referenzen
- Antón, J. (2001). “Julius Evola (1898-1974). Ideólogo de la anti-modernidad” en Máiz, R. (ed.), Teorías Políticas Contemporáneas (1ª edición). Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch.
- Bassin, M. (2016). The Gumilev Mystique. Biopolitics, Eurasianism, and the Construction of Community in Modern Russia. Ithaca: Cornell U. Press.
- Bassin, M., Glebov, S., Laruelle, M. (eds.) (2015). Between Europe and Russia. The Origins, Theories, and Legacies of Russian Eurasianism. Pitsburgh: Pittsburgh U. Press.
- Bassin, M., Suslov, M. (eds.) (2016), Eurasia 2.0. Russian Geopolitics in the Age of New Media. Lanham: Rowman.
- Bassin, M., Pozo, G. (eds.) (2017). The Politics of Eurasianism. Lanhan: Rowman.
- Belton, C. (2021). Putin’s People. London: Collins.
- Benoist, A., Dugin, A. (2014). Eurasia, Vladimir Putin e la Grande Politica. Roma: Controcorrente.
- Boutin, Ch. (1992). Politique et Tradition. Julius Evola dans le Siècle. Paris : Kimé.
- Carrère, E. (2011). Limonov. Paris: P.O.L.
- Clover, Ch. (2016). Black Wind, White Snow. Russia’s New Nationalism. New Haven: Yale U. Press.
- Dunlop, J. (1983). The Faces of Contemporary Russian Nationalism. Princeton: Princeton U. Press.
- Dugin, A. (2011). Putin vs. Putin. London: Arktos.
- Dugin, A. (2012). The Fourth Political Theory London: Arktos.
- Dugin, A. (2015) La Cuarta Teoría Política. Tarragona: Fides.
- Dugin, A. (2015). Last War of The World-Island. London: Arktos.
- Dugin, A. (2016). Geopolítica del Mundo Multipolar. Tarragona: Fides.
- Dugin, A. (2016). Proyecto Eurasia. Hipérbola Janus.
- Dugin, A. (2017). The Rise of The Fourth Political Theory. The Fourth Political Theory, Vol. II. London: Arktos.
- Dugin, A. (2019). Ethnosociology. London: Arktos.
- Dugin, A. (2021). The Theory of Multipolar World. London: Arktos.
- Dugin, A. (2021). The Great Awakening vs The Great Reset. London: Arktos.
- Dugin, A. (2023). Fundamentos de Geopolítica. Tarragona: Fides.
- Empoli, G. (2022). Le Mage du Kremlin. Paris: Gallimard.
- Faye, E, (2005). Heidegger, l’introduction du nazisme dans la philosophie. Paris: Albin Michel.
- Figes, O. (2021). Natasha’s Dance. A cultural History of Russia. London: Penguin.
- Furlong, P. (2011). Social and Political Thought of Julius Evola. New York: Routledge.
- Horvath, R. (2021). Putin’s Fascists. Russkii Obraz and the Politics of Managed Nationalism in Russia. New York: Routledge.
- Kuzio, T. (2017). Putin’s War against Ukraine. Revolution, Nationalism, and Crime. Toronto: Toronto U. Press.
- Kuzio, T. (2022). Russian Nationalism and The Russian-Ukrainian War. New York: Routledge.
- Kuzio, T. (2023). “Imperial Nationalism as the driver behind Russia’s invasion of Ukraine”, Nations and Nationalism, 29, 30-39.
- Laruelle, E. (1999). L’idéologie eurasiste russe ou comment penser l’empire Paris: L’Harmattan.
- Laruelle, M. (ed.) (2007). Le Rouge et le Noir. Extrême Droite et nationalisme en Russie. Paris: CNRS.
- Laruelle, M. (2008). Russian Eurasianism. An Ideology of Empire. Baltimore: John Hopkins U. Press.
- Laruelle, M. (2009). In the name of the Nation. Nationalism and Politics in Contemporary Russia. New York: Palgrave.
- Laruelle, M. (ed.). (2009). Russian Nationalism and the National Reassertion of Russia. New York: Routledge.
- Laruelle, M. (2015). Eurasianism and The European far Right. London: Lexington.
- Laruelle, M. (ed.) (2018). Entangle Far Rights. A Russian-European Intellectual Romance in the Twentieth Century. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh U. Press.
- Laruelle, M. (2019). Russian nationalism. London: Routledge.
- Laruelle, M. (2021). Is Russia fascist?. Ithaca: Cornell U. Press.
- Máiz, R. (2003). “Framing the Nation”. Journal of Political Ideologies, 8, 3, 251-269.
- Máiz, R. (2011). “El drama ontológico del Imperio. La tensión modernidad/postmodernidad en la obra de Antonio Negri”, Sémata 23: 21-45.
- Máiz, R. (2022). Nacionalismo y Federalismo. Madrid: Akal.
- Malinova, O. (2020). “Nation and Civilization as templates for Russian Identity construction” en Mjör, K. y Turona, S. Russian as Civilization. New York: Routledge, 27-47.
- McAdams, A.J., Castrillo, A. (2022). Contemporary Far-Right Thinkers and the Future of Liberal Democracy. New York: Routledge.
- Millerman, M. (2020). Beginning with Heidegger, Strauss, Rorty, Derrida, Duguin and the Philosophical Constitution of the Political. London: Arktos.
- Mutti, C. (2014). Democracia y Talasocracia. Hipérbola Janus.
- Putin (2021) (2022). http://en.kremlin.rus/events/president/news.
- Savin, L. (2015). Cibergeopolítica. Organizaciones y Alma Rusa. Hipérbola Janus.
- Sedgwick, M. (2004). Against the Modern World. New York: Oxford U. Press.
- Sheinfeld, S. D. (2000). Russian Fascism. New York: Sharpe.
- Shekhovtsov, A. (2008). “The Palingenesic Thrust of Russian Neo-Eurasianism. Ideas of Rebirth in Aleksandr Dugin Worldview”. Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, 9, 4, 491-596.
- Shekhovtsov, A. (2009). “Aleksandr Dugin’s Neo-Eurasianism: The New Right à la Russe”. Religion Compass ,3/4, 697-716.
- Shekhovtsov, A. (2015). “Aleksandr Dugin’s Trajectory. Mediating European Far Right to Russia” en Laruelle, M. (2015), Eurasianism and The European Far Right, op. cit., pp. 35-54.
- Shekhovtsov, A. (2018). Russia and the Western Far Right. London: Routledge.
- Shekhovtsov, A. y Umland, A. (2009). “Is Aleksandr Dugin a Traditionalist? Neo-Eurasianism and Perennial Philosophy”. The Russian Review 68, 662- 678.
- Umland, A. (2010). “Aleksandr Dugin’s transformation from a lunatic figure into a mainstream political publicist: a case study in the rise of late post-soviet fascism”. Journal of Eurasian Studies 1, 144-152.
- Veiga, F. et al. (2019). Patriotas Indignados. Madrid: Alianza.