Contraste de la Competencia Cognitiva de Jóvenes Víctimas en Relaciones de Noviazgo

  1. Verónica Marcos
  2. Blanca Cea 1
  3. Mercedes Novo
  4. Dolores Seijo
  1. 1 Unidad de Psicología Forense, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
Revista:
Revista iberoamericana de psicología y salud

ISSN: 2171-2069

Ano de publicación: 2023

Volume: 14

Número: 2

Páxinas: 68-74

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.23923/J.RIPS.2023.02.067 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso aberto editor

Outras publicacións en: Revista iberoamericana de psicología y salud

Obxectivos de Desenvolvemento Sustentable

Resumo

Antecedentes/objetivo: La violencia en el noviazgo es un grave problema social y de salud pública en todo el mundo. La literatura ha señalado que la investigación futura debería centrarse en examinar las diferencias entre victimizados y no victimizados en las relaciones de noviazgo entre adolescentes. Así, se diseñó un estudio de campo para estimar la prevalencia de victimización en las relaciones de noviazgo y los efectos de la victimización en las creencias sexistas y las estrategias de resolución de conflictos. Método: Una muestra de 467 jóvenes (56.1% chicas y 43.9% chicos), con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 18 años (M = 15,41, DT = 1,06) respondieron a medidas de experiencia de victimización (objetiva y subjetiva), estrategias de resolución de conflictos y creencias sexistas. Resultados: Se observó una prevalencia significativa de victimización, del 32.8%, en las relaciones de noviazgo, mientras que el 77.1% de los jóvenes que experimentaron violencia en el noviazgo no percibieron victimización. Los resultados también mostraron puntuaciones significativamente más altas en sexismo benevolente y tácticas agresivas en la resolución de conflictos en las personas victimizadas de violencia en el noviazgo. Conclusiones: La elevada prevalencia de la victimización exige una sólida política que la erradique o la minimice. Los déficits observados en los jóvenes victimizados en cuanto a competencias cognitivas en habilidades de resolución de conflictos y en distorsiones cognitivas enfatizan que ambas deben ser contenidos de los programas de prevención e intervención.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Ameral, V., Reed, K. M., & Hines, D. A. (2020). An analysis of help-seeking patterns among college student victims of sexual assault, dating violence, and stalking. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 35(23-24), 5311–5335. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517721169
  • Arce, R., Fariña, F., Seijo, D., & Novo, M. (2015). Assessing impression management with the MMPI-2 in child custody litigation. Assessment, 22(6), 769-777. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191114558111 Bem, S. L. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing. Psychological Review, 88(4), 354-364. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033- 295X.88.4.354
  • Bem, S. L. (1983). Gender schema theory and its implications for child development: Raising gender-aschematic children in a gender-schematic society. Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 8(4), 598-616. https:// doi.org/10.1086/493998
  • Bonache, H., Gonzalez-Mendez, R., & Krahé, B. (2017). Romantic attachment, conflict resolution styles, and teen dating violence victimization. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46(9), 1905-1917. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0635-2
  • Cava, M. J., Buelga, S., & Tomás, I. (2021). Peer victimization and dating violence victimization: The mediating role of loneliness, depressed mood, and life satisfaction. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(5-6), 2677-2702. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518760013
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Preventing teen dating violence: What is teen dating violence? https://www.cdc.gov/ violenceprevention/pdf/ipv/TDV-factsheet_2020.pdf
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). LEA. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587
  • Courtain, A., & Glowacz, F. (2021). Exploration of dating violence and related attitudes among adolescents and emerging adults. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(5-6), NP2975-NP2998. https://doi. org/10.1177/0886260518770185
  • Dosil, M., Jaureguizar, J., & Bernaras, E. (2022). Dating violence in adolescents in residential care: Frequency and associated factors. Child & Family Social Work, 27(2), 311-323. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12886
  • Espelage, D. L., Polanin, J. R., & Low, S. K. (2014). Teacher and staff perceptions of school environment as predictors of student aggression, victimization, and willingness to intervene in bullying situations. School Psychology Quarterly, 29(3), 287-305. https://doi.org/10.1037/ spq0000072
  • Exner-Cortens, D., Baker, E., & Craig, W. (2021). The national prevalence of adolescent dating violence in Canada. Journal of Adolescent Health, 69(3), 495-502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.01.032
  • Fandiño, R., Basanta, J., Sanmarco, J., Arce, R., & Fariña, F. (2021). Evaluation of the executive functioning and psychological adjustment of child to parent offenders: Epidemiology and quantification of harm. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 616855. https://dx.doi. org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2021.616855
  • Fariña, F., Novo, M., Seijo D., & Arce, R. (2021). Diseño y validación de la Escala de Medios de Resolución de Conflictos Interpersonales (MERCI) para Adolescentes [Design and validation of the Interpersonal Conflict Resolution Scale (MERCI) for Adolescents]. Bordón. Revista de Pedagogía, 73, 11-26. https://doi.org/10.13042/Bordon.2021.90037
  • Fariña, F., Redondo, L., Seijo, D., Novo, M., & Arce, R. (2017). A metaanalytic review of the MMPI validity scales and indexes to detect defensiveness in custody, evaluations. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 17(2), 128-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijchp.2017.02.002
  • Fernández-Fuertes, A. A., Carcedo, R. J., Orgaz, B., & Fuertes, A. (2018). Sexual coercion perpetration and victimization: Gender similarities and differences in adolescence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(16), 2467-2485. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518774306
  • Gancedo, Y., Fariña, F., Seijo, D., Vilariño, M., & Arce, R. (2021). Reality Monitoring: A meta-analytical review for forensic practice. European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 13(2), 99-110. https:// doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2021a10
  • Gao, Q., Bian, R., Liu, R. D., He, Y., & Oei, T. P. (2017). Conflict resolution in Chinese adolescents’ friendship: Links with regulatory focus and friendship satisfaction. Journal of Psychology, 151(3), 268-281. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2016.1270887
  • Garaigordobil, M., Machimbarrena, J. M., & Maganto, C. (2016). Adaptación española de un instrumento para evaluar la resolución de conflictos (Conflictalk): Datos psicométricos de fiabilidad y validez [Spanish adaptation of an instrument to assess conflict resolution (Conflictalk): Psychometric data of reliability and validity]. Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes, 3(2), 59-67. https://www. revistapcna.com/sites/default/files/16-23.pdf
  • Garthe, R. C., Sullivan, T. N., & McDaniel, M. A. (2017). A meta-analytic review of peer risk factors and adolescent dating violence. Psychology of Violence, 7(1), 45-57. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000040
  • Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (2001). Ambivalent sexism. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 115-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0065-2601(01)80005-8
  • Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (2011). Ambivalent sexism revisited. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 35(3), 530-535. https://doi. org/10.1177/0361684311414832
  • Ha, T., Kim, H., & McGill, S. (2019). When conflict escalates into intimate partner violence: The delicate nature of observed coercion in adolescent romantic relationships. Development and Psychopathology, 31(5), 1729- 1739. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419001007
  • Hebert, M., Daspe, M. È., Lapierre, A., Godbout, N., Blais, M., Fernet, M., & Lavoie, F. (2019). A meta-analysis of risk and protective factors for dating violence victimization: The role of family and peer interpersonal context. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 20(4), 574-590. https://doi. org/10.1177/1524838017725336
  • Hyde, J. S. (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60, 581-592. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.6.581
  • Lelaurain, S., Fonte, D., Giger, J. C., Guignard, S., & Lo Monaco, G. (2021). Legitimizing intimate partner violence: The role of romantic love and the mediating effect of patriarchal ideologies. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(13-14), 6351-6368. https://doi. org/10.1177/0886260518818427
  • Lemus, S. de., Castillo, M., Moya, M. C., Padilla, J. L., & Ryan, E. (2008). Elaboración y validación del Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente para Adolescentes [Elaboration and evaluation of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory for Adolescents]. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 8(2), 537-562. http://www.aepc.es/ijchp/articulos_pdf/ ijchp-292.pdf
  • Ley Orgánica 3/2018, de 5 de diciembre, de Protección de Datos Personales y Garantía de los Derechos Digitales (2018). Boletín Oficial del Estado, 294, 119788-119857. https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2018/12/06/pdfs/ BOE-A-2018-16673.pdf
  • López-Cepero, J., Rodríguez-Franco, L., Rodríguez-Díaz, F. J., Bringas, C., & Paíno, S. (2015). Percepción de la victimización en el noviazgo de adolescentes y jóvenes españoles [Perception of victimization in dating in Spanish teen and young]. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud, 6(2), 64-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. rips.2015.04.001
  • MacGregor, K. E., Villalta, L., Clarke, V., Viner, R., Kramer, T., & Khadr, S. N. (2019). A systematic review of short and medium-term mental health outcomes in young people following sexual assault. Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health, 31(3), 161-181. https://doi.org/10.2989/172 80583.2019.1665533
  • Marcos, V., Allende, M., & Bliesener, T. (2022). Violencia en el noviazgo: una revisión sistemática. En I. Loinaz, J. Sanmarco, y V. Marcos (Eds.), XIV Congreso [Inter]Nacional de Psicología Jurídica y Forense: Libro de Actas (págs. 209-215). Andavira.
  • Marcos, V., Gancedo, Y., Castro, B., & Selaya, A. (2020). Dating violence victimization, perceived gravity in dating violence behaviors, sexism, romantic love myths and emotional dependence between female and male adolescents. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud, 11(2), 132-145. https://doi.org/10.23923/j.rips.2020.02.040
  • Martínez-Gómez, J. A., Bolívar-Suárez, Y., Rey-Anacona, C. A., RamírezOrtiz, L. C., Lizarazo-Ojeda, A. M., & Yanez-Peñúñuri, L. Y. (2021). Esquemas tradicionales de roles sexuales de género, poder en las relaciones y violencia en el noviazgo [Traditional schemes of sexual gender roles, power in relationships and dating violence]. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud, 12(1), 1-16. https://doi. org/10.23923/j.rips.2021.01.041
  • Mestre, V., Samper, P., Tur-Porcar, A. M., Richaud de Minzi, M. C., & Mesurado, B. (2012). Emociones, estilos de afrontamiento y agresividad en la adolescencia [Emotions, coping style and aggression during adolescence]. Universitas Psychologica, 11(4), 1263-1275. https:// revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/revPsycho/article/view/1831/3356
  • Mills, K. L., & Tamnes, C. K. (2014). Methods and considerations for longitudinal structural brain imaging analysis across development. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 172-190. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.dcn.2014.04.004
  • Moral, M. V., García, A., Cuetos, G., & Sirvent, C. (2017). Violencia en el noviazgo, dependencia emocional y autoestima en adolescentes y jóvenes españoles [Dating violence, emotional dependence and selfesteem in spanish adolescents and oung adults]. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud, 8(2), 96-107. https://doi.org/10.23923/j. rips.2017.08.009
  • Moral, M. V., & González-Sáez, M. E. (2020). Distorsiones cognitivas y estrategias de afrontamiento en jóvenes con dependencia emocional [Cognitive distortions and coping strategies in young people with emotional dependence]. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud, 11(1), 15-30. https://doi.org/10.23923/j.rips.2020.01.032
  • Muñoz-Rivas, M. J., Graña, J. L., O’Leary, K. D., & González, M. S. (2007). Aggression in adolescent dating relationships: Prevalence, justification and health consequences. Journal of Adolescent Health, 40, 298-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.11.137
  • Novo, M., Fariña, F., Seijo, D., Vázquez, M. J., & Arce, R. (2019). Assessing the effects of a parental separation education program on mental health problems. Psicothema, 31(3), 284-291. https://doi.org/10.7334/ psicothema2018.299
  • Novo, M., Herbón, J., & Amado, B. G. (2016). Género y victimización: efectos en la evaluación de la violencia psicológica sutil y manifiesta, apego adulto y tácticas de resolución de conflictos [Victimization and gender: Effects in the evaluation of subtle and overt violence, adult attachment and conflict resolution tactics]. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud, 7(2), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. rips.2016.05.002
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  • Özdemir, A., Utkualp, N., & Palloş, A. (2016). Physical and psychosocial effects of the changes in adolescence period. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 9(2), 717-723. http://internationaljournalofcaringsciences.org/ docs/39_Ozdemir_special_9_2.pdf
  • Pereira, M. E., Azeredo, A., Moreira, D., Brandão, I., & Almeida, F. (2020). Personality characteristics of victims of intimate partner violence: A systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 52, 101423. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2020.101423
  • Rey-Anacona, C. A., Cruz, Y. C. G., Jiménez, V. S., & Guajardo, E. S. (2017). Sexismo y agresiones en el noviazgo en adolescentes españoles, chilenos y colombianos [Sexism and aggressions in the engagement in spanish, Chilean and Colombian adolescents]. Behavioral Psychology/ Psicología Conductual, 25(2), 297-315. https://www.behavioralpsycho. com/producto/sexismo-y-agresiones-en-el-noviazgo-en-adolescentesespanoles-chilenos-y-colombianos/
  • Reyes, H. L. M., Foshee, V. A., Niolon, P. H., Reidy, D. E., & Hall, J. E. (2016). Gender role attitudes and male adolescent dating violence perpetration: Normative beliefs as moderators. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(2), 350-360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015- 0278-0
  • Reyes, H. L., Foshee, V. A., Chen, M. S., Gottfredson, N. C., & Ennett, S. T. (2018). Consequences of involvement in distinct patterns of adolescent peer and dating violence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(11), 2371-2383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0902-x
  • Rodríguez-Díaz, F. J., Herrero, J., Rodríguez-Franco, L., BringasMolleda, C., Paíno-Quesada, S. G., & Pérez, B. (2017). Validation of Dating Violence Questionnarie-R (DVQ-R). International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 17(1), 77-84. https://doi. org/10.1174/021347413806196708
  • Rodríguez-Franco, L., López-Cepero, J., López, M. I., Paíno, S., Antuña, M. A., Bringas, C., & Rodríguez, F. J. (2016). Evolution of victimization, tolerance and detection of intimate partner violence among young Spanish women. Revista de Psicología Social, 31(1), 137-156. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1080/02134748.2015.1101316
  • Rosenthal, R., & Rubin, D. B. (1982). A simple, general purpose display of magnitude of experimental effect. Journal of Educational Psychology, 74(2), 166-169. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.74.2.166
  • Sánchez-Hernández, M. D., Herrera-Enríquez, M. C., & Expósito, F. (2020). Controlling behaviors in couple relationships in the digital age: Acceptability of gender violence, sexism, and myths about romantic love. Psychosocial Intervention, 29(2), 67-81. https://doi.org/10.5093/ pi2020a1
  • Seijo, D., Vázquez, M. J., Novo, M., & Fariña, F. (2023). Studying the effects of sense of belonging to virtual communities in psychological well-being and adjustment academic setting. Educación XX1, 26(1), 229- 247. https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.31818
  • Shamu, S., Gevers, A., Mahlangu, B. P., Jama Shai, P. N., Chirwa, E. D., & Jewkes, R. K. (2016). Prevalence and risk factors for intimate partner violence among Grade 8 learners in urban South Africa: Baseline analysis from the Skhokho supporting success cluster randomised controlled trial. International Health, 8(1), 18-26. https://doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ ihv068
  • Soller, B., Copp, J. E., Haynie, D. L., & Kuhlemeier, A. (2020). Adolescent dating violence victimization and relationship dissolution. Youth & Society, 52(2), 187-208. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X17736537
  • Taquette, S. R., & Monteiro, D. L. M. (2019). Causes and consequences of adolescent dating violence: A systematic review. Journal of Injury and Violence Research, 11(2), 137-147. https://doi.org/10.5249/jivr. v11i2.1061
  • Taylor, B. G., & Mumford, E. A. (2016). A national descriptive portrait of adolescent relationship abuse: Results from the national survey on teen relationships and intimate violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31(6), 963-988. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514564070
  • Théorêt, V., Hébert, M., Fernet, M., & Blais, M. (2021). Gender-specific patterns of teen dating violence in heterosexual relationships and their associations with attachment insecurities and emotion dysregulation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 50(2), 246-259. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10964-020-01328-5
  • Viejo, C., Monks, C. P., Sánchez, V., & Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2016). Physical dating violence in Spain and the United Kingdom and the importance of relationship quality. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31(8), 1453- 1475. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514567963
  • Wang, Z., Chen, X., Liu, J., Bullock, A., Li, D., Chen, X., & French, D. (2020). Moderating role of conflict resolution strategies in the links between peer victimization and psychological adjustment among youth. Journal of Adolescence, 79, 184-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. adolescencia.2020.01.002
  • Wincentak, K., Connolly, J., & Card, N. (2017). Teen dating violence: A meta-analytic review of prevalence rates. Psychology of Violence, 7(2), 224-241. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0040194
  • Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Ruggiero, K. J., Danielson, C. K., Resnick, H. S., Hanson, R. F., Smith, D. W., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (2008). Prevalence and correlates of dating violence in a national sample of adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(7), 755- 762. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e318172ef5f
  • World Health Organization. (2021, March 9). Violence against women prevalence estimates, 2018: Global, regional and national prevalence estimates for intimate partner violence against women and global and regional prevalence estimates for non-partner sexual violence against women. WHO. https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1347689/ retrieve
Fonte de datos: Dialnet