Predicción del impacto ambiental de la contaminación lumínicapropuesta de una metodología para proyectos luminotécnicos de ingeniería

Zusammenfassung

The research has as main goal to develop a structured methodology to be able to predict the environmental impact of artificial night lighting. For this reason, I have divided the process into different stages: In the beginning it was conducted exhaustive compilation of investigations related to quantification of the effects of light on living organisms and sky. These quantifications, have been associated with the technologies of existing lighting systems, in order to have a strong core relationship between research process and actual implementation of engineering projects. It has been necessary to develop methods of quantifying the pollution source, which has been able to determine the magnitude unique project level, and full population core. Data extracted to determine the contaminant magnitude, have been traditional photometrics: luminous flux and spectrum of the light sources. In order to corroborate that the research methods and measurement of light pollution can be implemented in a regular process, I have made measurements and fieldwork in what refers to: Measures obtrusive light to private homes, direct and indirect intrusion natural ecosystems, and measures brightness of the sky with different devices and methodology (Sky Quality Meter, AllSky camera, luminance meter ...). Through these measurements, it was determined that processes can be more interesting, and what are strengths and weaknesses to be used by technical personnel, although not expert. The result of this work has been represented in a methodology to apply in lighting projects, which aims to predict the effect on light pollution, as well as serve as a tool to evaluate different alternatives and to promote protection of the night environment. The process is organized into separate phases, so that it is easily upgradeable and scalable depending on the subsequent development of science.