La wohlfahrtiosis en ganado ovino de la provincia de Albaceteaspectos epidemiológicos y sanitarios

Resumo

SUMMARY " With this work we have tried to look for the following objectives: The presence of Wohlfahrtia magnifica in the Albacete province and the interrelationship of the suffering of sheep with W. magnifica according to productive capacity, folck size, structural and hygienic-sanitary level and livestock handling systems. " To do this we used the following methodology: Visits-sampled survey of 122 farms. With the collection of information data and samples of larvae and Spotted Flesh Fly. Subsequently, the statistical analysis was performed with the R-Gui program for the calculation of chi-square, with Yates correction, Pearsons Correlation and Odds Ratio. " The results were as follows. Of the 1,617 farms currently in existence, 122 livestock farms were visited, representing 7.54% of the sample, spread over 88 localities. From a total census of 646,893 ovine livestock, 73,683 animals were sampled, all of which were sheep and which represented 11.39% of the total. A total of 122 farms were surveyed, and 117 (95.90%) of those were found to be affected. Of the 73,683 animals inspected, 5,284 presented symptoms of skin myiasis, 5,283 (99.98%) of which were caused by W. magnifica and one (0.02%) by Lucilia sericata. The average provincial prevalence of infected animals was 7.17%. The prevalence in dairy sheep was 7.34% compared to 7.03% in sheep bred for meat. This prevalence was situated at 7.16% for farms with a semi-extensive pastoral system and 7.29% for extensive farms. Likewise, according to geographical distribution, the highest prevalence was found in zone II with 7.93% as opposed to the prevalence in zone I, of 7.33% and in zone III of 6.52%. A key statistic, revealed by this study, refers to zone I and the fact that the sheep belonging to the semi-extensive farms of that area exceeded a prevalence of 7.99% in comparison with that of 6.88% of those of the extensive farm systems. This information acquires more significance when it is considered that 100% of the semi-extensive farms were dedicated to milk production and 100% of the extensive farms were meat producing. According to the flock size, it can be observed that the intermediate sizes of between 251 and 500 animals had the highest percentage of 8.31% followed by the small farms, with less than 250 animals, with 8.18%, and finally the largest ones with flocks of over 501 animals, with 6.74%. According to the structural level of the farm, it is those with the poorest level that presented the greatest prevalence 9.98%. The prevalence of those with a normal or good level was 7.2% and 6.25%, respectively. Similarly, the farms with the lowest sanitary hygiene levels were those with the greatest prevalence at 10.53%, while those with a normal and good level represented 7.65% and 6.20%, respectively. Furthermore, the farms with the worst livestock handling systems were also those with the greatest prevalence at 8.09%, followed by those with normal handling systems and good handling systems at 7.76% and 5.72%. Males are more predisposed 57.14% to suffering wohlfahrtiosis, 22 times greater than the females 5.71%. The most affected areas for sheep were the genital areas at 80.47%, followed by the feet at 5.24% and the ears at 3.27%. If these percentages are broken down according to sex, it can be observed that in males, the infection on the penis reached 94.46%, that of the head 3.27% and that of the feet and eyes 0.59%. With regards to females, prevalence between the vulva and perianal areas reached 76.39% that of the area of the foot was 6.60%, the area of the ears 4.15% and the mammary area 4.11%. However, it was concluded that the purebred Segureña sheep, bred for meat and with an extensive pastoral system, at 7.74% were more prone to the infection than purebred Manchega sheep raised for meat and with the same extensive system at 7.12%. On 16 of the 122 farms, it was possible to observe animals affected by wohlfahrtiosis without having left the farm. This is important as it shows that W. magnifica is capable of producing myiasis in animals in an intensive farming system.