Los asentamientos precarios en Galiciadesde los conjuntos autoconstruidos hasta la infravivienda de producción institucional como expresiones del urbanismo segregativo

Zusammenfassung

When between 1950 and 1970 the urban peripheries were filled with shanties, massive relocations were applied in new absorption neighborhoods, insufficient to satisfy the growing demand and which, furthermore, left out specific social groups. Roma families were relegated to later relocations and special solutions: segregated slums. These complexes, built by the public administrations and social entities, did not have the minimum conditions of habitability and consolidated urban segregation. They were characterized by four action strategies: re-segregative, assistant, differential and universalist. This segregative urbanism is the territorial expression of historical structural anti-Roma racism, where the Roma are represented as the other, in opposition to the payo. More than 1 in 4 Galician precarious settlements have been built by the local institutions according to these criteria. When these contexts collapse, relocations are programmed in “normalized housing”, following assimilationist and dispersing policies. This homogenizing claim seeks to neutralize the difference based on an ethnocentric/ heteropatriarchal /colonial conception of inhabiting. In order to decolonize the right to the city, we must recognize the mutualist resistance developed in the margin-inhabiting among the precarious self-built settlements. We must approach these relegated spaces as complex urban elements endowed with memory and as producers of knowledge with emancipatory potential