Alteraciones motoras del esófago

  1. Domínguez Muñoz, J.E. 1
  2. Cigarrán Vicente, B. 1
  1. 1 Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, España
Revista:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Ano de publicación: 2020

Título do exemplar: Enfermedades del aparato digestivo (VII)Enfermedades del esófago

Serie: 13

Número: 7

Páxinas: 365-373

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.1016/J.MED.2020.05.001 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Outras publicacións en: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Resumo

Our understanding of oesophageal motility disorders has grown significantly in this millennium with the emergence and widespread implementation of high-resolution manometry. This technique is highly effective in characterising the topography of pressure and morphology, both of the contractile activity of the oesophageal body and the oesophagogastric junction (OGJ). Through the use of this technique, motility disorders have been recognised that progress with OGJ outflow obstruction (achalasia and OGJ outflow obstruction), hypercontractility disorders (distal oesophageal spasm and hypercontractile oesophagus) and hypocontractility disorders (absent contractility) of oesophageal peristalsis. These disorders present clinically in the form of dysphagia and/or chest pain associated with swallowing. The diagnosis initially requires the ruling out of organic causes (e.g., cancer, peptic stricture, eosinophilic oesophagitis), followed by the characterisation of the disorders using high-resolution manometry. The treatment for oesophageal motility disorders is mainly based on reducing the baseline pressure of the OGJ through pneumatic dilation or endoscopic or surgical myotomy and less frequently through the use of drugs and the local injection of botulinum toxin.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • International High Resolution Manometry Working Group. The Chicago classification of esophageal motility disorders, v3.0. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015;27:160-74.
  • O’Neill OM, Johnston BT, Coleman HG. Achalasia: a review of clinical diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment and outcomes. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19:5806-12.
  • Pandolfino JE, Gawron AJ. Achalasia: a systematic review. JAMA. 2015; 313:1841-52.
  • Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Aguilar-León D, Gamboa-Domínguez A, Valdovinos MA, Nuñez-Álvarez C, Martín-del-Campo LA, et al. Achalasia--an autoimmune inflammatory disease: a cross-sectional study. J Immunol Res. 2015;2015: 729217.
  • Tustumi F, Bernardo WM, da Rocha JRM, Szachnowicz S, Seguro FC, Bianchi ET, et al. Esophageal achalasia: a risk factor for carcinoma. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Esophagus. 2017;30:1-8.
  • Hirota WK, Zuckerman MJ, Adler DG, Davila RE, Egan J, Leighton JA, et al. ASGE guideline: the role of endoscopy in the surveillance of premalignant conditions of the upper GI tract. Gastrointest Endosc. 2006;63:570-80.
  • Drewes AM, Gregersen H. Multimodal pain stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract. World J Gastroenterol. 2006;12:2477-86.
  • Richter JE, Barish CF, Castell DO. Abnormal sensory perception in patients with esophageal chest pain. Gastroenterology. 1986;91:845-52.
  • Bredenoord AJ, Fox M, Kahrilas PJ Pandolfino JE, Schwizer W, Smout AJ; International High Resolution Manometry Working Group. Chicago classification criteria of esophageal motility disorders defined in high resolution esophageal pressure topography. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2012;24Suppl1: 57-65.
  • Kahrilas PJ, Bredenoord AJ, Carlson DA, Pandolfino JE. Advan-ces in management of esophageal motility disorders. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;16:1692-1700.
  • Kroch DA, Grimm IS. POEM for Achalasia. Am Surg. 2018;84:489-95.
  • Rohof WO, Salvador R, Annese V, Bruley des Varannes S, Chaussade S, Costantini M, et al. Outcomes of treatment for achalasia depend on manometric subtype. Gastroenterology. 2013;144:718-25.
  • Gelfond M, Rozen P, Gilat T. Isosorbide dinitrate and nifedipine treatment of achalasia: a clinical, manometric and radionuclide evaluation. Gastroenterology. 1982;83:963-9.
  • Bortolotti M, Mari C, Lopilato C, Porrazzo G, Miglioli M. Effects of sildenafil on esophageal motility of patients with idiopathic achalasia. Gastroenterology. 2000;118:253-7.
  • Vela MF. Management strategies for achalasia. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2014;26:1215-21.
  • Campos GM, Vittinghoff E, Rabl C, Takata M, Gadenstätter M, Lin F, et al. Endoscopic and surgical treatments for achalasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 2009;249:45-57.
  • Lynch K, Pandolfino J, Howden C, Kahrilas PJ. Major complications of pneumatic dilation and Heller myotomy for achalasia: single-center experience and systematic review of the literature. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012; 107:1817-25.
  • Moonen A, Annese V, Belmans A, Bredenoord AJ, Bruley des Varannes S, Costantini M, et al. Long-term results of the European achalasia trial: a multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing pneumatic dilation versus laparoscopic Heller myotomy. Gut. 2016;65:732-9.
  • Leyden JE, Moss AC, MacMathuna P. Endoscopic pneumatic dilation versus botulinum toxin injection in the management of primary achalasiaCochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(12):CD005046.
  • Bechara R, Onimaru M, Ikeda H, Inoue H. Per-oral endoscopic myo-tomy, 1000 cases later: pearls, pitfalls, and practical considerations. Gas-trointest Endosc. 2016;84:330-8.
  • Kumbhari V, Tieu AH, Onimaru M, El Zein MH, Teitelbaum EN, Ujiki MB, et al. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) vs laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) for the treatment of Type III achalasia in 75 patients: a multicenter comparative study. Endosc Int Open. 2015;3:E195-201.
  • Barbieri LA, Hassan C, Rosati R, Romario UF, Correale L, Repici A. Systematic review and meta-analysis: efficacy and safety of POEM for achalasia. United European Gastroenterol J. 2015;3:325-34.
  • Bhayani NH, Kurian AA, Dunst CM, Sharata AM, Rieder E, Swanstrom LL. A comparative study on comprehensive, objective outcomes of laparoscopic Heller myotomy with peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for achalasia. Ann Surg. 2014;259:1098-103.
  • Zhang XC, Li QL, Xu MD, Chen SY, Zhong YS, Zhang YQ, et al. Major perioperative adverse events of peroral endoscopic myotomy: a systematic 5-year analysis. Endoscopy. 2016;48:967-78.
  • Pandolfino JE, Gawron AJ. Achalasia a systematic review. JAMA. 2015; 313(18):1841-52.
  • Boeckxstaens GE, Annese V, des Varannes SB, Chaussade S, Costantini M, Cuttitta A, et al. Pneumatic dilation versus laparoscopic Heller’s myo-tomy for idiopathic achalasia. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:1807-16.
  • Rohof WO, Salvador R, Annese V, Bruley des Varannes S, Chaussade S, Costantini M, et al. Outcomes of treatment for achalasia depend on manometric subtype. Gastroenterology. 2013;144:718-25.
  • Khan AK, Kumbhari V, Ngamruengphong S, Ismail M, Chen YI, Chavez YH, et al. Is POEM the answer for management of spastic esophageal disorders? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2017;62: 35-44.
  • Kahrilas PJ, Pandolfino JE. Treatments for achalasia in 2017: how to choose among them. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2017;33:270-6.
  • Khalaf M, Chowdhary S, Elias PS, Castell D. Distal esophageal spasm: a review. Am J Med. 2018;131(9):1034-40.
  • Khashab MA, Messallam AA, Onimaru M, et al. Inter-national multicenter experience with peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of spastic esophageal disorders refractory to medical therapy (with video). Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;81:1170-7.
Fonte de datos: Dialnet