Cyberbullies, the cyberbullied, and problematic internet usesome reasonable similarities.
- Sandra Feijóo 1
- Mairéad Foody 2
- James OHiggins Norman 2
- Rafael Pichel 1
- Antonio Rial 1
-
1
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
info
-
2
Dublin City University
info
ISSN: 0214-9915, 1886-144X
Ano de publicación: 2021
Volume: 33
Número: 2
Páxinas: 198-205
Tipo: Artigo
Outras publicacións en: Psicothema
Resumo
Antecedentes: el uso generalizado de Internet y de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC) ha cambiado completamente la sociedad en las últimas décadas. La transferencia del tradicional acoso escolar al entorno virtual es uno de los riesgos a los que se enfrentan los adolescentes en esta nueva realidad. El presente estudio se planteó como objetivo explorar la relación entre ciberacoso y uso de Internet y teléfono móvil y otras conductas de riesgo en línea. Método: la muestra estuvo compuesta por 3.188 adolescentes de entre 12 y 17 años (Media= 14,44; DT= 1,67). Resultados: tras aplicar el European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (ECIPQ) se encontró que el 5,2% eran víctimas, 4,5% agresores y el 4,3% víctimas-agresoras. Conclusiones: el ciberacoso parece estar asociado tanto al uso problemático de Internet como a comportamientos como el sexting, el juego online o el contacto con desconocidos a través de la Red, lo que sugiere la necesidad de un enfoque integral a nivel de prevención. Además, la supervisión parental constituiría un importante elemento modulador, lo cual debe ser tenido en cuenta para la elaboración de estrategias preventivas eficaces.
Información de financiamento
This work was supported by the Delegaci?n del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas under Grant 2018/008. Rafael Pichel and Sandra Feij?o would like to acknowledge the funding by the Government of Galicia under grant ?Programa de axudas ? etapa predoutoral?. Mair?ad Foody is funded by the Irish Research Council and the European Union?s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk?odowska-Curie grant agreement No 713279.Financiadores
-
- 2018/008
-
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
European Union
- 713279
- Irish Research Council Ireland
Referencias bibliográficas
- Alonso, C., & Romero, E. (2020). Estudio longitudinal de predictores y consecuencias del ciberacoso en adolescentes españoles [Longitudinal study of predictors and consequences of cyberbullying in Spanish adolescents]. Behavioral Psychology, 28(1), 73-93. https://www. behavioralpsycho.com/
- Anderson, E.L., Steen, E., & Stavropoulos, V. (2016). Internet use and Problematic Internet Use: A systematic review of longitudinal research trends in adolescence and emergent adulthood. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 22(4), 430-454. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 02673843.2016.1227716.
- Baldry, A. C., Farrington, D. P., Sorrentino, A., & Blaya, C. (2018). Cyberbullying and Cybervictimization. In Baldry, A. C., Blaya, C., & Farrington, D. P. (Eds.), International Perspectives on Cyberbullying. Prevalence, Risk factors and Interventions (pp. 3-24). Palgrave Macmillan.
- Barrense-Dias, Y., Berchtold, A., Surís, J. C., & Akre, C. (2017). Sexting and the Definition Issue. Journal of Adolescent Health, 61(5), 544-554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.05.009
- Beltrán-Catalán, M., Zych, I., Ortega-Ruiz, R., & Llorent, V. J. (2018). Victimisation through bullying and cyberbullying: Emotional intelligence, severity of victimisation and technology use in different types of victims. Psicothema, 30(2), 183-188. https://doi.org/10.7334/ psicothema2017.313
- Bruckauf, Z. (2017). Adolescents’ Mental Health: Out of the shadows. Evidence on psychological well-being of 11-15-year-olds from 31 industrialized countries. Innocenti Research Briefs, 2017-12. https:// www.unicef-irc.org/publications/896-adolescents-mental-health-outof-the-shadows-evidence-on-psychological-well-being.html
- Byrne, B. M. (2009). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2 ed.). Psychology Press.
- Craig, W., Boniel-Nissim, M., King, N., Walsh, S. D., Boer, M., Donnelly. P. D., Harel-Fisch, Y., Malinowska-Cieslik, M., Gaspar de Matos, M., Cosma, A., Van den Eijnden, R., Vieno, A., Elgar, F. J., Molcho, M., Bjereld, Y., & Pickett, W. (2020). Social Media Use and CyberBullying: A Cross-National Analysis of Young People in 42 Countries. Journal of Adolescent Health, 66(6), 100-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jadohealth.2020.03.006
- Cooper, K., Quayle, E., Jonsson, L., & Svedin, C. G. (2016). Adolescents and self-taken sexual images: A review of the literature. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 706-716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.10.003
- De Luigi, N., Gibertoni, D., Randon, E., & Scorcu, A. E. (2017). Patterns of Gambling Activities and Gambling Problems Among Italian High School Students: Results from a Latent Class Analysis. Journal of Gambling Studies, 34(2), 339-359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899- 017-9694-2
- Del Rey, R., Casas, J.A., Ortega-Ruiz, R., Schultze-Krumbholz, A., Scheithauer, H., Smith, P., Thompson, F., Barkoukisf, V., Tsorbatzoudisf, H., Brighig, A., Guarinig, A., Pyzalski, J., & Plichta, P. (2015). Structural validation and cross-cultural robustness of the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 141-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.065
- Durkee, T., Carli, V., Floderus, B., Wasserman, C., Sarchiapone, M., Apter, A., Balazs, J. A., Bobes, J., Brunner, R., Corcoran, P., Cosman, D., Haring, C., Hoven, C. W., Kaess, M., Kahn, J. P., Nemes, B., Postuvan, V., Saiz, P. A., Värnik, P., … Wasserman, D. (2016). Pathological Internet use and risk behaviors among European adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13, 294-311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030294.
- Foody, M., McGuire, L., Kuldas, S., & O’Higgins-Norman, J. (2019). Friendship quality and gender differences in association with cyberbullying involvement and psychological well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1723. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01723
- Garaigordobil, M. (2011). Prevalence and consequences of cyberbullying: A review. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 11, 233-254. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=56019292003
- Garaigordobil, M., & Machimbarrena, J. M. (2017). Stress, competence, and parental educational styles in victims and aggressors of bullying and cyberbullying. Psicothema, 29(3), 335-340. https://doi.org/10.7334/ psicothema2016.258
- Garmendia, M., Jiménez, E., & Larrañaga, N. (2019). Bullying y ciberbullying: victimización, acoso y daño. Necesidad de intervenir en el entorno escolar [Bullying and cyberbullying: Victimization, harassment, and harm. The need for intervention in the school environment]. Revista Española de Pedagogía, 77, 295-311. https:// doi.org/10.22550/REP77-2-2019-08
- Garmendia, M., Jiménez, E., Karrera, I., Larrañaga, N., Casado, M.A., Martínez, G., & Garitaonandia, C. (2019). Actividades, Mediación, Oportunidades y Riesgos online de los menores en la era de la convergencia mediática [Online Activities, Mediation, Opportunities and Risks for Children in the Age of Media Convergence]. Instituto Nacional de Ciberseguridad (INCIBE).
- Garmendia, M., Martínez, G., Larrañaga, N., Jiménez, E., Karrera, I, Casado, M.A, Garitaonandia, C., (2020). Las madres y los padres en la convergencia mediática: competencias, mediación, oportunidades y riesgos online [Mothers and fathers in the media convergence: skills, mediation, opportunities and risks online]. Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU).
- Gómez, P., Rial, A., Braña, T., Golpe, S., & Varela, J. (2017). Screening of Problematic Internet Use Among Spanish Adolescents: Prevalence and Related Variables. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(4), 259-267. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0262
- Gómez, P., Rial, A., Braña, T., Varela, J., & Barreiro, C. (2014). Evaluation and early detection of problematic Internet use in adolescents. Psicothema, 26(1), 21-26. https://doi.org/10.7334/ psicothema2013.109
- Gómez, P., Harris, S. K., Barreiro, C., Isorna, M., & Rial, A. (2017). Profiles of Internet use and parental involvement, and rates of online risks and problematic Internet use among Spanish adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 826-833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. chb.2017.06.027
- Gómez-Ortiz, O., Romera, E. M., Ortega-Ruiz, R., & Del Rey, R. (2018). Parenting Practices as Risk or Preventive Factors for Adolescent Involvement in Cyberbullying: Contribution of Children and Parent Gender. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15, 2664. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122664
- Görzig A., & Ólafsson K. (2013). What makes a bully a cyberbully? Unravelling the characteristics of cyberbullies across twenty-five European countries. Journal of Children and Media, 7(1), 9-27. https:// doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2012.739756
- Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2008). Cyberbullying: An exploratory analysis of factors related to offending and victimization. Deviant Behavior, 298(2), 129-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639620701457816
- Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2013). Social Influences on Cyberbullying Behaviors Among Middle and High School Students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(5), 711-722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012- 9902-4
- Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2018). Connecting Adolescent Suicide to the Severity of Bullying and Cyberbullying. Journal of School Violence, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2018.1492417.
- Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1989). LISREL 7 User’s reference guide. Scientific Software.
- Jorgenson, A.G., Hsiao, R.C., & Yen, C.-F. (2016). Internet addiction and other behavioral addictions. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 25, 509-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2016.03.004
- Kingston, B., Mattson, S. A., Dymnicki, A., Spier, E., Fitzgerald, M., Shipman, K., Goodrum, S., Woodward, W., Witt, J., Hill, K. G., & Elliot, D. (2018). Building Schools’ Readiness to Implement a Comprehensive Approach to School Safety. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 21(4), 433-449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-018-0264-7
- Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (2 ed.). The Guilford Press.
- Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., Görzig, A., & Ólafsson, K. (2011). Risks and safety on the internet: The perspective of European children: Full findings and policy implications from the EU Kids Online survey of 9-16 year olds and their parents in 25 countries. EU Kids Online Network.
- Livingstone, S., Ólafsson, K., Helsper, E. J., Lupiáñez-Villanueva, F., Veltri, G. A., & Folkvord, F. (2017). Maximizing Opportunities and Minimizing Risks for Children Online: The Role of Digital Skills in Emerging Strategies of Parental Mediation. Journal of Communication, 67(1), 82-105. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12277
- Martínez, I., Murgui, S., García, O. F., & García, F. (2019). Parenting in the digital era: Protective and risk parenting styles for traditional bullying and cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 90, 84-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.08.036
- Montiel, I., & Carbonell, E. (2016). Vulnerabilidad y riesgo en los adolescentes: perfil del jugador de azar online [Vulnerability and risk in adolescents: Profile of the online gambler]. In Echeburúa, E. (Ed.), Abuso de Internet ¿antesala para la adicción al juego de azar online? (pp. 169-190). Pirámide.
- Odaci, H., & Cikrikci, O. (2017). An exploration of the associations among internet use, Depression, anxiety and stress among youths. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 5, 1-13. https://doi. org/10.6092/2282-1619/201.5.1635
- O’Moore, M. (2014). Understanding Cyberbullying. A guide for Parents and Teachers. Veritas.
- Olweus, D. (2012). Cyberbullying: An overrated phenomenon? European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(5), 520-538. https://doi.org/1 0.1080/17405629.2012.682358
- Olweus, D., & Limber, S. P. (2018). Some problems with cyberbullying research. Current Opinion in Psychology, 19, 139-143. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.04.012
- Quintana-Orts, C., Rey, L., & Neto, F. (2020). Beyond Cyberbullying: Investigating When and How Cybervictimization Predicts Suicidal Ideation. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520913640
- Rial, A., Gómez, P., Isorna, M., Araujo, M., & Varela, J. (2015). PIUS-a: Problematic Internet Use Scale in adolescents. Development and psychometric validation. Adicciones, 27, 47-63. https://doi. org/10.20882/adicciones.193
- Rial, A., Golpe, S., Gómez, P., & Barreiro, C. (2015). Variables asociadas al uso problemático de Internet entre adolescentes [Variables related with problematic Internet use among adolescents]. Health and Addictions, 15, 25-38. https://doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v15i1.223
- Rial, A., Golpe, S., Isorma, M., Braña, T., & Gómez, P. (2018). Minors and problematic Internet use: Evidence for better prevention. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 140-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. chb.2018.05.030
- Rodríguez-de-Dios, I., van Oosten, J. M. F., & Igartua, J. J. (2018). A study of the relationship between parental mediation and adolescents’ digital skills, online risks and online opportunities. Computers in Human Behavior, 82, 186-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.01.012
- Ryding, F. C., & Kaye, L. K. (2018). “Internet Addiction”: A Conceptual Minefield. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 16(1), 225-232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-017-9811-6
- Ryoo, J.H., Wang, C., & Swearer, S.M. (2014). Examination of the change in latent statuses in bullying behaviors across time. School Psychology Quarterly, 30(1), 105-122. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000082
- Sabella, R. A., Patchin, J. W., & Hinduja, S. (2013). Cyberbullying myths and realities. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2703-2711. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.040
- Slonje, R., Smith, P. K., & Frisén, A. (2013). The nature of cyberbullying, and strategies for prevention. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.024
- Smahel, D., Machackova, H., Mascheroni, G., Dedkova, L., Staksrud, E., Ólafsson, K., Livingstone, S., & Hasebrink, U. (2020). EU Kids Online 2020: Survey results from 19 countries. EU Kids Online. https://doi. org/10.21953/lse.47fdeqj01ofo
- Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, C., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 376-385. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x
- Sticca, F., & Perren, S. (2013). Is cyberbullying worse than traditional bullying? Examining the differential roles of medium, publicity, and anonymity for the perceived severity of bullying. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 739-750. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9867-3
- Strong, C., Lee, C.T., Chao, L.H., Lin, C.Y., & Tsai, M.C. (2018). Adolescent Internet Use, Social Integration, and Depressive Symptoms: Analysis from a Longitudinal Cohort Survey. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 39, 318-324. pmid:29461298
- Tokunaga, R. S. (2010). Following you home from school: A critical review and synthesis of research on cyberbullying victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(3), 277-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.11.014
- Tsitsika, A., Janikian, M., Wójcik, S., Makaruk, K., Tzavela, E., Tzavara, C., Greydanus, D., Merrick, J., & Richardson, C. (2015). Cyberbullying victimization prevalence and associations with internalizing and externalizing problems among adolescents in six European countries. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.chb.2015.04.048
- UNICEF (2020). COVID-19 and its implications for protecting children online. https://www.unicef.org/documents/covid-19-and-implicationsprotecting-children-online
- Valkenburg, P. M., Piotrowski, J. T., Hermanns, J., & de Leeuw, R. (2013). Developing and validating the perceived parental media mediation scale: A self-determination perspective. Human Communication Research, 39(4), 445-469. https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12010
- Winters, K. C., Stinchfi eld, R. D., Henly, G. A., & Schwartz, R. H. (1990). Validity of adolescent self-report of alcohol and other drug involvement. International Journal of the Addictions, 25, 1379-1395. https://doi. org/10.3109/10826089009068469
- World Health Organization [WHO] (2015). Mental Health Atlas 2014. World Health Organisation, Geneva. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream /10665/178879/1/9789241565011_eng.pdf
- Zsila, Á., Orosz, G., Király, O., Urbán, R., Ujhelyi, A., Jármi, É., Griffi ths, M. D., Elekes, Z., & Demetrovics, Z. (2018). Psychoactive Substance Use and Problematic Internet Use as predictors of bullying and cyberbullying victimization. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 16(2), 466-479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-017- 9809-0
- Zych, I., Farrington, D. P., & Ttofi , M. M. (2016). Protective factors against bullying and cyberbullying: A systematic review of meta-analyses. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 45, 4-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. avb.2018.06.008
- Zych, I., Ortega-Ruiz, R., & Marín-López, I. (2016). Cyberbullying: A systematic review of research, its prevalence and assessment issues in Spanish studies. Psicología Educativa, 22, 5-18. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.pse.2016.03.002