Búsqueda de sensaciones y consumo de alcoholel papel mediador de la percepción de riesgos y beneficios
- González Iglesias, Beatriz
- Gómez Fraguela, José Antonio
- Gras Pérez, María Eugenia
- Planes Pedra, Montserrat
ISSN: 0212-9728, 1695-2294
Year of publication: 2014
Volume: 30
Issue: 3
Pages: 1061-1068
Type: Article
More publications in: Anales de psicología
Abstract
La búsqueda de sensaciones es una de las variables de persona-lidad más estrechamente ligadas con la adopción de distintas conductas de riesgo, especialmente el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas. Además, la búsqueda de sensaciones influye en la valoración que los individuos reali-zan sobre los riesgos y sus posibles consecuencias. El objetivo de este estu-dio es analizar la relación entre la búsqueda de sensaciones y el consumo de alcohol en una muestra de 356 jóvenes con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 25 años. Además, hemos querido explorar el posible efecto media-dor de las percepciones sesgadas de los individuos sobre los posibles ries-gos y beneficios asociados al alcohol en la relación entre la personalidad y el consumo de alcohol. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la importancia de la búsqueda de sensaciones en la explicación del consumo de alcohol de los jóvenes y el papel mediador de las percepciones de riesgos y beneficios en la explicación de dicha relación. En la discusión del trabajo se analizan sus importantes implicaciones prácticas a la hora de diseñar intervenciones específicas dirigidas a prevenir los riesgos asociados al consumo de alcohol en jóvenes.
Bibliographic References
- Abbey, A., Smith, M. J. y Scott, R. O. (1993). The relationship between reasons for drinking alcohol and alcohol consumption: An interactional approach. Addictive Behaviors, 18, 659-670.
- Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. Special Issue: Theories of Cognitive Self-Regulation, 50, 179-211.
- Andrew, M. y Cronin, C. (1997). Two measures of sensation seeking as predictors of alcohol use among high school males. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 393-401.
- Arnett, J. J. (1990). Drunk driving, sensation seeking, and egocentrism among adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 541-546.
- Arnett, J. J. (1994). Sensation seeking: A new conceptualization and a new scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 16, 289-296.
- Arnett, J. J. (2005). The developmental context of substance use in emerging adulthood. Journal of Drug Issues, 35, 235-254.
- Benthin, A., Slovic, P. y Severson, H. H. (1993). A psychometric study of adolescent risk perception. Journal of Adolescence, 16, 113-168.
- Breakwell, G. M. (2007). The psychology of risk. Nueva York: Cambridge University Press.
- Bush, K., Kivlahan, D. R., McDonell, M. B. y Bradley, K. A. (1998). The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): An effective brief screening test for problem drinking. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158, 1789-179.
- Calafat, A. (2007). El abuso de alcohol de los jóvenes en España. Adicciones, 19, 217-224.
- Constantinou, E., Panayiotou, G., Konstantinou, N., Loutsiou-Ladd, A. y Kapardis, A. (2011). Risk and aggressive driving in young adults: Personality matters. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 43, 1323-1331.
- Cooper, M. L. (1994). Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents: Development and validation of a four-factor model. Psychological Assessment, 6, 117-128.
- Cox, W. M. y Klinger, E. (1988). A motivational model of alcohol use. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 168-180.
- D'Amico, E. J. y Fromme, K. (2002). Brief prevention for adolescent risktaking behavior. Addiction, 97, 563-574.
- Donovan, D. M. y Marlatt, G. A. (1982). Personality subtypes among driving-while-intoxicated offenders: Relationship to drinking behavior and driving risk. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 241-249.
- Ferrando, P. J. y Chico, E. (2001). The construct of sensation seeking as measured by Zuckerman's SSS-V and Arnett's AISS: A structural equation model. Personality and Individual Differences, 31, 1121-1133.
- Fishbein, M. y Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behaviour: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
- Gardner, M. y Steinberg, L. (2005). Peer influence on risk taking, risk preference, and risky decision making in adolescence and adulthood: An experimental study. Developmental Psychology, 41, 625-635.
- Gil-Lacruz, A. I. y Gil-Lacruz, M. (2010). Subjective valoration of risk perception and alcohol consumption among Spanish students. Salud Men-tal, 33, 309-316.
- Goldberg, J. H., Halpern-Felsher, B. L. y Millstein, S. G. (2002). Beyond invulnerability: The importance of benefits in adolescents' decision to drink alcohol. Health Psychology, 21, 477-484.
- Gómez-Fraguela, J. A., Fernández-Pérez, N., Romero, E. y Luengo, A. (2008). El botellón y el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas en la juventud. Psicothema, 20, 211-217.
- Gómez-Fraguela, J. A., González-Iglesias, B., Romero, E., Villar, P. y Luen-go, M. A. (2012). ¿Por qué beben los jóvenes universitarios españoles? Análisis de la estructura del Drinking Motives Questionnaire Revised (DMQ-R). Revista Española de Drogodependencias, 37, 147-163.
- Grant, M. y Litvak, J. (Eds.) (1998). Drinking patterns and their consequences. Ba-singstoke, Hampshire, Reino Unido: Taylor & Francis.
- Greene, K., Krcmar, M., Walters, L. H., Rubin, D. L. y Hale, J. L. (2000). Targeting adolescent risk-taking behaviors: The contribution of egocen-trism and sensationseeking. Journal of Adolescence. Special Issue: Adolescents and Risk-Taking, 23, 439-461.
- Gullone, E., Moore, S., Moss, S. y Boyd, C. (2000). The adolescent risk-taking questionnaire: Development and psychometric evaluation. Journal of Adolescent Research, 15, 231-250.
- Hampson, S. E., Severson, H. H., Burns, W. J., Slovic, P. y Fisher, K. J. (2001). Risk perception, personality factors and alcohol use among adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 167-181.
- Hayes, A. F. y Preacher, K. J. (2005). SPSS and SAS macros for bootstrapping indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Recuperado de http://www.comm.ohiostate.edu/ahayes/SPSS%20programs/indirect.htm.
- Horvath, P. y Zuckerman, M. (1993). Sensation seeking, risk appraisal, and risky behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 41-52.
- Janz, N. K. y Becker, M. H. (1984). The health belief model: A decade later. Health Education Quarterly, 11, 1-47.
- Jonah, B. A. (1997). Sensation seeking and risky driving: A review and synthesis of the literature. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 29, 651-665.
- Jonah, B. A., Thiessen, R. y Au-Yeung, E. (2001). Sensation seeking, risky driving and behavioral adaptation. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 33, 679-684.
- Kelly, E., Darke, S. y Ross, J. (2004). A review of drug use and driving: Epidemiology, impairment, risk factor and risk perceptions. Drug and Alcohol Review 23, 319-344.
- Kuntsche, E. y Cooper, M. L. (2010). Drinking to have fun and to get drunk: Motives as predictors of weekend drinking over and above usual drinking habits. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 110, 259-262.
- Legrand, F. D., Gomà-i-Freixanet, M., Kaltenbach, M. L. y Joly, P. M. (2007). Association between sensation seeking and alcohol consumption in French college students: Some ecological data collected in "open bar" parties. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 1950-1959.
- López-Larrosa, S. y Rodríguez-Arias, J. L. (2010). Factores de riesgo y de protección en el consumo de drogas en adolescentes y diferencias según edad y sexo. Psicothema, 22, 568-573.
- Machin, M. A. y Plint, J. E. (2010). Understanding the unique contribution of aversion to risk taking in predicting drivers' selfreported speeding. En L. Dorn (Ed.), Driver Behaviour and Training. Volume IV. Human factors in road and rail transport (pp. 61-73). Aldershot, Reino Unido: Ashgate.
- Martinic, M. y Measham, F. (Eds.) (2008). Swimming with crocodiles: The culture of extreme drinking. Nueva York: Routledge / Taylor & Francis Group.
- Mezquita, L., Stewart, S. H., Ibáñez, M. I., Ruipérez, M. A., Villa, H., Moya, J. y Ortet, G. (2011). Drinking motives in clinical and general populations. European Addiction Research, 17, 250-261.
- Mills, B., Reyna, V. F. y Estrada, S. (2008). Explaining contradictory rela-tions between risk perception and risk taking. Psychological Science, 19, 429-433.
- Millstein, S. G. y Halpern-Felsher, B. L. (2002). Perceptions of risk and vulnerability. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31, 10-27.
- Observatorio Español de la Droga y las Toxicomanías (2011). Informe 2011. Situación y tendencias de los problemas de drogas en España. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad y Política Social.
- Oliveras, C., Planes, M., Cunill, M. y Gras, M. E. (2002). Efectos del alcohol y conducción de vehículos: Creencias y conductas de los jóvenes. Revista Española de Drogodependencias, 27, 66-80.
- Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud (OPS/OMS) (2000). Guía Internacional para vigilar el consumo del alcohol y sus consecuencias sanitarias. Recuperado de http://new.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=2453&Itemid=
- Parsons, J. T., Halkitis, P. N., Bimbi, D. y Borkowski, T. (2000). Perceptions of the benefits and costs associated with condom use and unprotected sex among late adolescent college students. Journal of Adolescence. Special Issue: Adolescents and Risk-Taking, 23, 377-391.
- Parsons, J. T., Siegel, A. W. y Cousins, J. H. (1997). Late adolescent risk-taking: Effects of perceived benefits and perceived risks on behavioral intentions and behavioral change. Journal of Adolescence, 20, 381-392.
- Planes, M., Gras, M.E., Soto, J. y Font-Mayolas S. (2000). Percepción de riesgo y comportamientos heterosexuales relacionados con la prevención del SIDA en jóvenes universitarios. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 26, 365-389.
- Prat, F., Planes, M., Gras, M. E. y Sullman M. J. M. (2012). Stages of change and decisional balance for condom use with a heterosexual romantic partner. Journal of Health Psychology, 17, 1193-1202.
- Preacher, K. J. y Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behaviour Research Methods, 40, 879-891.
- Rehm, J., Mathers, C., Popova, S., Thavorncharoensap, M., Teerawattananon, Y. y Patra, J. (2009). Global burden of disease and injury and economic cost attributable to alcohol use and alcohol-use disorders. Lancet, 373, 2223-2232.
- Reyna, V. F. y Farley, F. (2006). Risk and Rationality in Adolescent Decision Making: Implications for Theory, Practice, and Public Policy. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 7, 1-44.
- Rolison, M. R. y Scherman, A. (2002). Factors influencing adolescents' deci-sions to engage in risk-taking behavior. Adolescence, 37, 585-596.
- Rolison, M. R. y Scherman, A. (2003). College student risktaking from three perspectives. Adolescence, 38, 689-704.
- Rosenbloom, T. (2003). Sensation seeking and risk taking in mortality salience. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 1809-1819.
- Roth, M. y Herzberg, P. Y. (2004). A validation and psychometric examination of the Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking (AISS) in German adolescents. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 20, 205-214.
- Roth, M., Schumacher, J. y Brähler, E. (2005). Sensation seeking in the community: Sex, age and sociodemographic comparisons on a representative German population sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 1261-1271.
- Rundmo, T. e Iversen, H. (2004). Risk perception and driving behaviour among adolescents in two Norwegian counties before and after a traffic safety campaign. Safety Science, 42, 1-21.
- Ryb, G. E., Dischinger, P. C., Kufera, J. A. y Read, K. M. (2006). Risk per-ception and impulsivity: Association with risky behaviors and substance abuse disorders. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 38, 567-573.
- Siegel, A. W., Cousins, J. H., Rubovits, D., Parsons, J. T., Lavery, B. y Crowley, C. L. (1994). Adolescents' perceptions of the benefits and risks of their own risk-taking. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 2, 89-98.
- Slovic, P. (2000). The perception of risk. Londres, Sterling, VA: Earthscan Publications.
- Urbán, R., Kökönyei, G. y Demetrovics, Z. (2008). Alcohol outcome expectancies and drinking motives mediate the association between sensation seeking and alcohol use among adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 33, 1344-1352.
- van Beurden, E., Zask, A., Brooks, L. y Dight, R. (2005). Heavy episodic drinking and sensation seeking in adolescents as predictors of harmful driving and celebrating behaviors. Implications for prevention. Journal of Adolescent Health, 37, 37-43.
- Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. Nueva York: Cambridge University Press.